Unit 3 Reflection

Unit 3 - The Circulatory System
Unit Summary

Medical treatments of heart disease include beta-blockers, aspirin, anti-coagulants, nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, anti-hypertensives, TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator), and anti-lipids or statins which are the current biggest sellers. A stroke a is heart attack in the brain. A stroke occurs when there is a shortage of blood supply to the brain. Ischemic strokes are the most common and where an artery supplying the brain is blocked. Hemorrhagic strokes are less common, but more deadly where an artery supplying the brain bursts. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a minor less threatening stroke that lasts a few minutes and is normally a warning sign for future more deadly strokes. Signs of strokes are impairment in vision, movement, speech, and comprehension. CT's and MRI's are both methods used for diagnosis of a stroke. Treatments for strokes are TPA and MERCI. The most effective way to not have a stroke is prevention which is keeping a low blood pressure, eating healthy with less cholesterol, exercising, and managing stress.

sheep heart dissection

Sheep Heart Dissection

1) What is the purpose of the pericardium?
The purpose of the pericardium is to act as protection for the heart from physical damage and infections. The pericardium also holds the heart in place.

2) Observe the blood vessels connecting to the heart. How do the arteries differ from veins in their structure?
Arteries and veins differ in that arteries carry blood from the heart to the body or lungs, and the veins carry blood from the lungs and body to the heart. Arteries also have thinner walls to carry more blood.

3) Place your finger inside the auricle. What function do you think the auricle serves?
The purpose of the auricle is to help increase the capacity of blood that can go into the atrium.

4) Observe the external structures of the atria and ventricles. What differences do you observe?
On the external structure of the heart, the atria seem to be larger and able to hold more blood than the ventricles. The atria are on the thicker side of the heart while the ventricles are on the narrower side of the heart.

5) Use pictures or words to describe each.
a) exit from the coronary sinus
The coronary sinus is a small hidden channel on the right side of the heart. It recieves blood from the coronary veins and delivers it to the coronary arteries.
b) inferior vena cava
The inferior vena cava is at the bottom of the heart. The inferior vena cava is a vessel where blood enters the heart coming from the body.
c) right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
The right atrioventricular valve, also known as the tricuspid valve, connects the right atrium to the right ventricle.

6) Draw a picture of the tricuspid valve, including chordae tendinae and the papillary muscle.

7) Why is "anchoring" of the heart valves by the chordae tendinae and the papillary muscle important to heart function?
The "anchoring" by the chordae tendinae and the papillary muscle are very important to the heart function, because it holds onto the valve. Holding onto the valve prevents backflow of the blood with is extremely important in keeping the heart healthy.

8) Using pictures or words, describe what you see.
Under the glove, there is are tube-looking indents which are the bicuspid valve. The chordae tendinae is beneath the bicuspid valve deeper into the heart. The papillary muscle is just under the chordae tendinae.

9) What is the function of the semilunar valves?
The function of the semilunar valves is to make sure blood doesn't flow back into the heart after the blood has entered either the aorta or pulmonary trunk.

10) Valvular heart disease is when one or more heart valves does not work properly. Improperly functioning heart valves can lead to regurgitation, which is the backflow of blood through a leaky valve. Ultimately this can lead to congestive heart failure, a condition that can be life-threatening.
a) If the valve disease occurs on the right side of the heart, it results in swelling in the feet and ankles. Why might this happen?
A valve disease in the right side of the heart might cause swelling in the feet and ankles because the feet and ankles are the furthest from the heart, so when the valves are weak, there might not be enough strength to push the same amount of blood all the way to the feet and ankles.
b) if the valve disease occurs on the left side of the heart, what complications would you expect to see?
If the valve disease occurred the on the left side of the heart, I would expect to see swelling and pain in the lungs and chest.

11) Using picture and/or words describe what you see.
The right side of the heart holds the tricuspid valve which connects blood from the right atrium and the right ventricle. The cordae tendinae is right under the valves which keep the valve restricted so blood doesn't flow backwards. The left side has the bicuspid valve with 3 cusps and the papillary muscle to keep the blood from backflowing. The coronary arteries are along the outside layer of the heart, providing blood to the heart.

12) Describe how the left and ride sides of the heart differ from each other.
The left side and right side of the heart differ in the sense that the right atrium and ventricle deliver blood from the heart to the lungs. The left side of the heart delivers blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The right side of the heart has a larger myocardium because it requires more strength to deliver more blood since the whole body needs a lot more blood than just the lungs.

13) Draw and label all structure visible in the interior of the cross-section.

Unit 3 - The Circulatory System

Mid-Unit Summary

The circulatory system is made up of the heart and blood vessels that travel throughout the body. The function of the circulatory system is to deliver oxygen to body cells and also carry illness-fighting agents. The main part of the circulatory system is the heart which is a muscle that continuously pumps blood. The heart has four chambers (the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle) and one-way valves to prevent blood from backflowing. Pulmonary arteries deliver blood from the heart to the lungs and pulmonary veins deliver blood from the body to the heart. The superior and inferior vena cava bring blood from lungs to the heart, and the aorta brings blood from the heart to the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood back. Blood pressure measures the force exerted on the walls of the arteries; normal blood pressure should be 120/80. High blood pressure or hypertension is where blood pressure exceeds 140/90. 

Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. The functions of blood are transportation, regulation of body temperature and fluid volume, and protection. Red blood cells' main job is to bring oxygen from the lungs to body cells, and they have hemoglobin which allows them to carry oxygen. Anemia is a reduced carrying capacity of oxygen of red blood cells, which results in not enough oxygen getting to tissues leading to tissues dying. Sickle cell disease is a type of Anemia where red blood cells are crescent-shaped and can't carry as much oxygen. There are 5 types of white blood cells: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. All the white blood cells have a job of fighting infection, bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, and cancer cells. Platelets are cell fragments that initiate blood clotting. 

Veins carry deoxygenated blood from body to the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body cells. Arteries have thicker walls than veins, but less volume than veins. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Pulse measures the rate at which the heart beats. An aneurysm is a weakened section of a blood vessel wall. 

A heart attack is a shortage of blood supply to the heart. Signs of heart attacks can be chest pain, shortness of breath of nausea. Heart attacks are the #1 cause of death in illnesses. Heart attacks are caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fat and cholesterol on the artery walls. Atherosclerosis is caused by excess sugars, polyunsaturated fats, and omega-3. 

Unit 2 Reflection

Unit 2 Reflection

Health is keeping the 5 pillars: nutrition, sleep, stress, exercise, and a social life in good condition and making sure each pillar is getting the adequate amount of whatever they need. Health is also keeping the 4 main hormones: leptin, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol in balance.

I don't think I am incredibly healthy, but I am not doing awfully bad. For nutrition, I think I get an appropriate amount of calories on a daily basis, but I eat too much unhealthy food from fast food restaurants. For sleep, I do pretty poorly, because I sleep too late from procrastinating on homework. I think I do pretty poorly in exercise; I take martial arts for about 1 hour a week, but I don't exercise much on my own. However, I think my stress levels and social life are doing okay. i think i get out enough and am with friends for a lot of time in the week. I also think I don't get very stressed about college, grades, or things I should be stressed about. I think that people at SHS do pretty well in nutrition, exercise, socializing but do poorly in sleep and stress. I feel like a lot of SHS students don't get enough sleep each night and overwork themselves. I also think SHS students are very stressed and worried about their grades, college applications, tests, finals, volunteering, and the list goes on and on. I don't think there is too much that could be done to promote health, but we can try assigning less homework or completely getting rid of the finals.

One of the major takeaways I had from this unit was that stress is good for you. Unlike the others, we have always believed that they are good for us, such as sleep, nutrition, and exercise. I went into this unit believing that stress was an extremely negative component, and we should do everything we can to eliminate it. I learned that stress is very important for people to function properly, but we just have to control it, because it's only harmful when the stress remains after the stressor is gone. I also learned that being social and not being social can surprisingly have the same health effects as smoking versus not smoking. Another takeaway that has impacted by daily activity was learning that carbohydrates are a lot unhealthier and cause more weight gain than fat does.

Over the course of the unit, I learned a lot of important aspects of each pillar. Specifically, I learned the importance of fiber and Omega-3 in a person's diet in nutrition. I learned about the amount of sleep and exercise people should be getting. I learned about the alarm stage, resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage, and the different effects of each stage. I still do not fully understand the difference between REM sleep and non-REM sleep. I know that REM sleep happens when your eyes move rapidly, your brain is at its highest level of function, and this is the state where dreaming occurs. One thing that I do not understand is when REM sleep starts and stops and when non-REM sleep comes in. For this unit, one of my major problems was that I was working too slowly on notes, labs, and classwork. Next unit, my major goal for improvement is using my class time and work time more productively to get things done faster and more efficient.

https://www.ted.com/talks/russell_foster_why_do_we_sleep?language=en#t-559054

This TED talk explains why humans sleep. Throughout the unit, we learned a lot about sleep, what happens when we sleep, the function of sleep, and the importance of sleep. But one thing I never really understood is why humans sleep. Sleep takes up 32 years of our lives and is vital for our daily function. Sleep is important for restoration, energy conservation, and proper brain function, but I wondered why we couldn't apply these in an activity besides sleeping. This video explains the important of knowing that a person is getting enough sleep and critical brain functions that are taken care of. This video relates a lot to our unit because it talks about the detrimental health effects when we don't sleep enough. It also mentioned that 100,000 car accidents were due to tiredness and a lack of sleep that was also mentioned in the lecture. 

Chalk Heart Walk

**NOTE: I forgot to mention that the red blood cell enters the heart through the superior/inferior vena cava from the lungs**

In this activity, I learned a lot about the heart that I never knew before. Besides learning just the names of different arteries, veins, and valves, I was intrigued by the number of detailed parts in the organ. I never knew there were different muscles like the papillary muscle or the chordae tendinae, since I always believed the heart was just one big muscle. I also learned about purkinje fibers, which I never heard of, that send nerve impulses to the heart. I also surprisingly learned that blood travels from the body to the heart then to the lungs, then to the heart then to the body, starting over again. I always thought lungs travels to the hearts and back to the lungs, and the body to the heart to the body. I never knew the circulatory system was a complicated double loop. Drawing the heart was also really fun since it's been too long since I've played with chalk.

Blood Pressure Analysis Questions

1) The systole blood pressure measures the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle contracts. Diastole blood pressure measures the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing.

2) The stethoscope is used to measure heart rate, or you can feel it in your radial or carotid arteries. The stethoscope and the sphygmomanometer are both used to measure blood pressure.

3) The thumb has a major artery running through it, so you can feel a pulse. Using your thumb can confuse the reading because you can feel two pulses.

4) Attach the blood pressure cuff on and slide the noise sensitive part of the stethoscope under the cuff. Then pump the blood pressure cuff to about 150 mmHg. Then slowly let air out of the cuff. When you first hear a heartbeat through the stethoscope, note the mmHg; this is the systole blood pressure. Continue letting air flow out of the cuff until you can't hear a heartbeat anymore and note the mmHg; this is the diastole blood pressure.

Sleep Diary 

Relate and Review

Over the week of recording my bedtimes, I was surprised to find that I am getting an average of 8 hours of sleep every night, the recommended amount of hours a 17-year-old should be getting. However, I noticed that although I am getting the recommended hours, the hours are unevenly spread over the week. I sleep too much over the weekend and a too little on the weekdays. I learned that when I sleep too much, I actually get drowsy and less energized throughout the day. Because of this, one of the biggest takeaways from this weeklong sleep diary is that I can't completely compensate for a sleep debt.
Another discovery I found was that the amount of sleep has a huge correlation with your alertness during the day. On days where I get enough sleep, the weekends, I am a lot more alert throughout the day. However, on weekdays, I found myself getting less sleep and very fatigued in the afternoon. I learned that sleep is extremely beneficial for long-term health such as cleaning out wastes in the brain. But sleep is also very noticeable in everyday life, because of your alertness. Alertness is an extreme safety hazard, due to the countless deaths and tragedies caused by a lack of sleep.

Nutrition Analysis

Written Report

Overall, I am undereating my daily Calorie expenditure by 18.12%. My daily Calorie expenditure is 3054.4 kcal and my average daily intake for the 5 experimental days is 2500.8 kcal. I am a little surprised that I am not taking enough calories for my age and body weight because I thought I was eating a little too much. However, I think that eating more is a lot easier than forcing myself to cut down and have a bag of Cheetos stare at me, mocking me.

Although my total caloric diet is lower than recommended, I am overeating in proteins. My protein intake was 90.45 grams, 18.45% greater than my recommended protein intake being 76.36 grams. This was pretty expected for me because I tend to eat a lot of meat. I always found myself incorporating meat into every meal I have. I catch myself ordering burgers, pizzas, and pasta with some sort of beef or chicken along with it. Over the 5 days, the 4 servings of diced short ribs at Gyu-Kaku contained 80 grams of protein. This course was almost complete protein. So if I got rid of this course and replaced it with a rich fiber meal, it would balance out my overeating of protein and also help increase my fiber intake, which I am lacking in. I should shift my focus of nutrition onto the other categories such as fat, fiber, Vitamin C, and iron because those are what I am lacking in. I think that I can improve my protein intake pretty easily. I am not overeating by a crazy amount, so a little control and reduction will most likely balance out my protein intake with my recommended protein intake.

One category of nutrition I am lacking in is fat. Over the 5 days, I ate an average of 89.04 grams of fat which is 10.31% below the recommended intake being 99.27 grams. Most days I had about 70 grams of fat which was consistent but below my recommended fat intake. However, on Day 3, I had 145.25 grams of fat. A huge majority of it was from the Chick N Tater Munchie Meal from Jack in the box. This item helped a lot with increasing my fat intake to meet the recommended and it also provided a good source of fiber which I am lacking in as well. The only foods that I know of that contain fat are avocados or salmon. One problem I have with increasing my fat intake is that it isn’t very obvious to me which healthy foods contain a good source of fat unlike how protein, fiber, and carbohydrates, for example, are easy to identify.

One of the categories I am heavily lacking in is fiber. I am getting almost less than half the fiber I am supposed to be getting with a recommended 38.18 grams of fiber. Over the 5 days, I averaged in an intake of 19.62 grams of fiber leaving me at a 48.66% deficit. During the 5 days, one of the foods that had a good amount of fiber was the quesarito big box from Taco Bell. Fiber is very healthy for the digestive tract, and the fact that I am consuming only half the fiber I am supposed to be consuming is a little concerning. It is very important that I change my diet to increase my fiber intake. I think this is pretty doable since cereal contains a lot of fiber, and I just need to wake up early enough to eat breakfast.

Another category I can improve on is my Vitamin C intake. My recommended Vitamin C level is 91.63 milligrams and I am eating 69.06 milligrams resulting in 24.41% below the recommended. I think that I can increase my Vitamin C level pretty easily. I noticed that a lot of fruits such as strawberries, mangos, and oranges contain a pretty high level of Vitamin C. I also am lacking in Iron, where my recommended intake is 27.49 milligrams and my intake over the 5 days was 22.28 milligrams. This leads to 18.95% below my recommended intake. Although my iron intake is not as severe as Vitamin C, a problem I have with iron is that I don’t know what foods contain a good source of iron or how to identify them. But with some research, I think that it is very likely to find healthy foods close by that contain a good amount of iron. I am also heavily lacking in Vitamin A and Calcium. I am down about 49.2% for Vitamin A and 63.13% for Calcium. I think I can increase my Calcium intake pretty easily by just drinking more milk, but to increase my Vitamin A intake would take some research and shopping.

The only category where I was met my recommended intake was sodium. Only 2.83% below my recommended intake of 3665.3 milligrams of sodium, I averaged at 3561.5 milligrams of sodium over the 5 days. I was pretty surprised that I was so close to my recommended amount. I thought that sodium would the category that I went way over from the meat and the soda. Overall, I learned that I need cut a little down on protein, increase my vitamins and minerals intake, and focus a lot on a richer fiber diet.

Daily Analysis

Bibliography

Day 1
Nachos supreme (Taco Bell)"Nachos Supreme." Taco Bell 2.0. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016. <https://www.tacobell.com/food/specialties/nachos-supreme>.

Tiger Milk Tea (Quickly)"Calories in Quickly Tiger Milk Tea." Calories in Quickly Tiger Milk Tea. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/quickly-tiger-milk-tea-116505661>

Large Cheese Pizza (7/11)"7-11 Cheese Pizza (1 Slice) Calorie, Fat, Carb, and Protein Information at Sparkpeople.com." SparkPeople. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.sparkpeople.com/myspark/Calorie_Finder.asp?FoodID=46798120>

Day 2

20 Chicken Nuggets (Mcdonald’s)"Calories in Chicken McNuggets." Calorie Count. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<https://www.caloriecount.com/calories-mcdonalds-chicken-mcnuggets-i53881>

Sweet N’ Sour Sauce (Mcdonald’s)"Calories in McDonald's Sweet 'N Sour Sauce | Nutrition, Carbohydrate and Calorie Counter." Calories in McDonald's Sweet 'N Sour Sauce | Nutrition, Carbohydrate and Calorie Counter. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.calorieking.com/foods/calories-in-sauces-sweet-n-sour-sauce_f-ZmlkPTU1MTI2.html>

Soft Serve Ice Cream Cone (Mcdonald’s)By Combining Complementary Proteins, You May Be Able to Increase the Overall Quality of the Protein You Consume. "McDonald's Dessert: Vanilla Reduced Fat Ice Cream Cone Nutrition Facts & Calories." McDonald's Dessert: Vanilla Reduced Fat Ice Cream Cone Nutrition Facts & Calories. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/foods-from-mcdonalds/6295/2>

Baja California (Rojoz Wraps)"Calories in Rojoz Baja California Wrap Chicken." - Calories and Nutrition Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/78846340 >

StrawberriesBy Combining Complementary Proteins, You May Be Able to Increase the Overall Quality of the Protein You Consume. "Strawberries, Raw Nutrition Facts & Calories." Strawberries, Raw Nutrition Facts & Calories. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/2064/2>

Day 3

Vanilla Mango Raspberry with Tapioca Pearls (Tpumps)"Use and Misuse of Nutrition Information." Discovering Nutrition (n.d.): 133-44. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.itsbobatime.com/pdfs/nutrition_facts.pdf>

BBQ pork sandwich (Lee’s Sandwiches)"Www.leesandwiches.com." Www.leesandwiches.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.leesandwiches.com/main.php?act=prodetail&catid=8&id=sw_6>

Chick N Tater Munchie Meal (Jack in the Box)"Jack in the Box Chick-N-Tater Melt Munchie Meal Nutrition Facts."FastFoodNutrition.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://fastfoodnutrition.org/jack-in-the-box/jacks-munchies-meal-items/chick-n-tater-melt-munchie-meal>

Coke"Coca-Cola." Ingredients and Nutritional Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.coca-colaproductfacts.com/en/coca-cola-products/coca-cola/>

Day 4

Chicken Quesarito Big Box (Taco Bell)"Calories in Taco Bell Quesarito Big Box (W/o Drink)." Calories in Taco Bell Quesarito Big Box (W/O Drink). N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/taco-bell-quesarito-big-box-w-o-drink-258101732#>

Coke"Coca-Cola." Ingredients and Nutritional Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.coca-colaproductfacts.com/en/coca-cola-products/coca-cola/>

Vanilla Mango Raspberry with Tapioca Pearls (Tpumps)"Use and Misuse of Nutrition Information." Discovering Nutrition (n.d.): 133-44. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.itsbobatime.com/pdfs/nutrition_facts.pdf>

Avocado Overload (Jazen Tea)"Use and Misuse of Nutrition Information." Discovering Nutrition (n.d.): 133-44. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.itsbobatime.com/pdfs/nutrition_facts.pdf>

Medium Steak Pho (Pho Hoa)"Pho Steak Noodle Soup." Calories in Pho Hoa and Nutrition Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.fatsecret.com/Diary.aspx?pa=fjrd&rid=368973 >

Day 5

Big Bite Hot Dog (7/11)"Calories in 7-11 Quarter Pound Big Bite (Hot Dog)." Calories in 7 11 Quarter Pound Big Bite (Hot Dog). N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/7-11-quarter-pound-big-bite-hot-dog-250039606>

 
OnionsBy Combining Complementary Proteins, You May Be Able to Increase the Overall Quality of the Protein You Consume. "Onions, Cooked, Boiled, Drained, with Salt Nutrition Facts & Calories." Onions, Cooked, Boiled, Drained, with Salt Nutrition Facts & Calories. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2880/2>

Diced Short Ribs (Gyu-Kaku)"Calories in Gyu-Kaku Diced Short Rib." Calories in Gyu-Kaku Diced Short Rib. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/203647810>

Rice (Gyu-Kaku)By Combining Complementary Proteins, You May Be Able to Increase the Overall Quality of the Protein You Consume. "Rice, White, Long-grain, Regular, Cooked Nutrition Facts & Calories." Rice, White, Long-grain, Regular, Cooked Nutrition Facts & Calories. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5712/2>

Tiger milk tea (Quickly)"Calories in Quickly Tiger Milk Tea." Calories in Quickly Tiger Milk Tea. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.<http://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/quickly-tiger-milk-tea-116505661>

What is Health?

To me, health is a person's mental and physical state free from injury or illness. Health is making sure that a person has a positive and balanced diet, resting well, exercising, and being happy.
I think my strongest pillar of health is stress, and the pillar I need to improve the most is sleep.
One thing I would like to learn about health is why the brain would make unhealthy choices, even though the brain is aware that the choices are unhealthy since nothing should a bigger priority to the brain than keeping the body healthy.

Monocytes

Structure

Monocytes are the largest type of white blood cells or leukocytes. In an average adult human, 7% of white blood cells and 0.07% of cells in the blood are monocytes. Monocytes are produced in the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream to protect the body. 

Monocytes have a skin-like and slightly crinkly cell membrane. Its membrane is selectively permeable membranes for particles to move in and out of, which is necessary for its function. The cytoplasm takes up a lot of area in the monocyte.
The cytoplasm in a monocyte is a watery fluid that holds the nucleus, organelles, and granules. Granules are necessary for the breakdown of ingested particles. 
The nucleus of a monocyte controls all the cell's activities and contains its genetic information. The nucleus is large, long, and kidney-shaped, and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. 
Monocytes have vacuoles to hold water and nutrients. 
Monocytes also have vesicle to carry proteins from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. 
Lysosomes are very important in monocytes because they break down unnecessary molecules, such as infectious agents, for reuse. 

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Function

The monocyte's main function is ingestion and breaking infectious agents, red blood cells, and large particles. Monocytes are commonly found in infected areas of tissues. After being produced in the bone marrow, monocytes enter the blood stream. From then, they might either circulate in the bloodstream for a few hours or find its way into a tissue. They enter inflamed tissue and clean up infectious agents and cellular debris. 

Monocytes also have the ability to differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages ingest antigens and process them for the future. After the monocyte enters the bloodstream for a few hours, it can become a fixed macrophage or continue to circulate the body and become a wandering macrophage. 

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Pictures

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Tissue Classification

Monocytes are white blood cells or leukocytes. White blood cells are considered specialized connective tissue due to its matrix. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are the living part of the tissue, and the blood or plasma that carries the living parts is the matrix. 


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Bibliography 

Duckie, Muckie. "Monocytes." Prezi.com. N.p., 26 Oct. 2014. Web. 08 Sept. 2016. <https://prezi.com/v0ltgd1b1mkn/monocytes/>.

"Monocyte." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Aug. 2016. Web. 08 Sept. 2016. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte>.

Autopsy Report: Hana the Banana


Exterior Examination

Anterior View
On Hana's anterior frontal ride, she has 4 puncture wounds on her midline and 5 cm superior to her bottom. Those 4 puncture wounds are 4 cm inferior to the single puncture wound on her left. Each puncture wound had a diameter of 0.5 cm.

Photographic Sample:

Posterior View
There is a hard black scar that is 2.5 cm long and 5 cm superior to her bottom. The scar is 2 cm inferior to two black birthmarks. There is a 1.5 cm long cut with a puncture wound inside it in Hana's midline of the posterior frontal side 4 cm superior to the scar.

Photographic Sample:

Internal Examination

Left Sagittal View
On the left sagittal side, there is 2 puncture wounds on the left of the midline. There is another larger puncture wound superior to it. And there is a bruise posterior and superior to the larger wound.

Photographic Sample:

Right Sagittal View
There is 2 puncture wounds on the right arm. One is 3 cm proximal to the other. The one that is distal puncture wound is deeper than the proximal one. There is an additional 2 puncture wounds are inferior and medial to the two puncture wounds on her arm.

Photographic Sample:

Cause of death

It would appear that the cause of Hana the Banana's tragic death was due to gunshots, because her only significant and repeating sign of injury is puncture wounds which is assumed to be bullet holes. There is no evidence of scratches or bruises which eliminates the possibility that Hana was fatally killed in a fist fight.
Many reports from witnesses say that they heard gunshots while Hana was in her cabana. They also claimed that they saw a tall, blonde, anatomy and physiology teacher who teaches at Saratoga High School fleeing the scene with a handgun. With multiple claims of the same suspect, we have located this teacher and are bringing her in for trial on December 25th, 2k17. After going through Saratoga High School profiles and talking with numerous trusted students, we have reason to believe that Mrs. Thomson is the murderer of Hana the Banana.