1) The systole blood pressure measures the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle contracts. Diastole blood pressure measures the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing.
2) The stethoscope is used to measure heart rate, or you can feel it in your radial or carotid arteries. The stethoscope and the sphygmomanometer are both used to measure blood pressure.
3) The thumb has a major artery running through it, so you can feel a pulse. Using your thumb can confuse the reading because you can feel two pulses.
4) Attach the blood pressure cuff on and slide the noise sensitive part of the stethoscope under the cuff. Then pump the blood pressure cuff to about 150 mmHg. Then slowly let air out of the cuff. When you first hear a heartbeat through the stethoscope, note the mmHg; this is the systole blood pressure. Continue letting air flow out of the cuff until you can't hear a heartbeat anymore and note the mmHg; this is the diastole blood pressure.
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